The Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research is currently under development in Adelaide and will be the first particle therapy service in Australia. Proton beam therapy holds great promise for many patients who can derive a benefit from the unique physical characteristics of particles compared to photon (x-ray) therapy. In this presentation, we will review cost effectiveness data supporting proton therapy and the implications of mitigating long term risks associated with radiotherapy, review the various methods in use to identify patients most suitable for proton therapy and get a sneak peak at the Adelaide project.